Recent studies via shaking table model test have been mainly focused on understanding liquefaction-induced mechanisms related to soil-structure foundation interaction (Motamed et al. Large soil specimen placed on a shaking table can better simulate the seismic ground shaking under 1-g or centrifugal conditions (De Alba et al. In addition to that, observation of sand ejecta and its contribution to the total settlement is also discussed in this study. Therefore, the aim of this research is to provide experimental evidence and mechanism associated with the effect of pavement structure on the liquefaction-induced settlement of sandy soil. ( 2016) suggest that the liquefaction-induced settlement is affected by the dimension of pavement structure (thickness and width). The observations reported by Kajihara et al. ( 2020) prepared a hazard map translating the effect of road pavement thickness in the road network in Urayasu city for emergency vehicle and evacuation activities after the occurrence of liquefaction. Settlement in roads can cause significant disruption to road traffic after an earthquake. ( 2015) showed that under the same liquefaction potential, liquefaction-induced settlement in structural roads was significantly less in contrast to ordinary-type roads in residential areas. ( 2016) reported similar observations by extracting road subsidence of around 224 points in the Tokyo Bay area after the earthquake. They observed that the ground subsidence was concentrated more along the residential roads compared to structural roads designed for heavy traffic. ( 2013) conducted a Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) survey to collect the elevation data before and after the 2011 earthquake, and prepared a liquefaction-induced subsidence map of the west part of the Tokyo Bay area by comparing the Digital Surface Models (DSMs). Soil liquefaction-induced settlement has caused severe damages to buildings and roads in the Tokyo Bay area during the 2011 off Pacific coast of Tohoku Earthquake, Japan.
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